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INTANGIBLE ASSETS
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9 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Jul. 31, 2012
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| Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible Assets Disclosure [Text Block] |
4. INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The following is a summary of intangible assets as of the end of the following fiscal periods:
The expirations of the existing patents range from 2014 to 2023 but the expirations can be extended if market approval is granted and/or based on existing laws and regulations. Amortization expense amounted to $37,435 and $34,018 for the three months ended July 31, 2012 and July 31, 2011, respectively. Amortization expense amounted to $109,858 and $99,274 for the nine months ended July 31, 2012 and July 31, 2011, respectively. |
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